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Going Retro: A Guide to Retroillumination

Retroillumination   Retroillumination from the fundus is a quick and easy way to examine the lens, iris, and cornea. The red reflex, the reflection of light off the back of the eye, can be used to highlight opacities in the cornea or lens, and defects in the iris. This article will outline the technique, offer

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Demodex Blepharitis: A Mite-y Fine Problem

Your body, including your eyelids, is covered by mites.   On average, the human body is covered with millions of mites at any given time. Some scientists believe these mites live in symbiosis with humans, surviving off the dead skin cells that we slough off. Others believe the relationship is more commensalistic, where a mite

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Hepatolenticular Degeneration

Quick Boards Review: Hepatolenticular Degeneration Wilson’s Disease, also known as Hepatolenticular Degeneration, is a rare, autosomal recessive mutation in the ATP7B gene.1 This mutation causes a decrease in serum ceruloplasmin which is an important chaperone protein that aids in removing copper in the body.2 This is detrimental because when copper is not removed from the body, it

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Ptroublesome Ptosis

Ptroublesome Ptosis That ptroublesome ptosis: A patient presents with a new “droopy” lid. So, brilliant optometrist: What are you going to do about it? Ptosis is an abnormally low position of the upper eyelid. It is more common in older patients due to a gradual loss of function of the muscles working to hold the eyelids up. However,

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